Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the resistance of tomato genotypes (crossed with Solanum galapagense) to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the association of this resistance with glandular trichomes. Leaf trichomes were quantified for seven F2 genotypes of the BPX-486 population derived from crossing S. lycopersicum ‘TOM-684’ and S. galapagense accession ‘LA-1401’, for the commercial controls ‘TOM-584’ and ‘Santa Clara’, and for the accession ‘LA-1401’. After this evaluation, the genotypes were subjected to two nonpreference resistance tests of the green peach aphid in the laboratory, one with choice and the other without choice. Five genotypes (BPX-486-17, BPX-486-62, BPX-486-10, BPX-486-46, and BPX-486-08) and the accession LA-1401 exhibited a high density of type IV glandular trichomes and a lower mean number of nymphs and adults of M. persicae than two genotypes (BPX-486-313 and BPX-486-383) and the controls with a low density of glandular trichomes, in all the evaluations of both tests. Significant negative correlations between the density of type IV glandular trichomes of the tomato genotypes and the preference of M. persicae were found, which confirms the association between this type of glandular trichome and resistance to M. persicae in tomato genotypes.
Highlights
One of the main pests that attack the tomato crop in its initial phase is the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
In addition to direct damage, M. persicae causes indirect damage since it is a vector of known disease viruses, such as tomato mosaic, tomato streak, tomato yellow top, and tomato bottom yellow leaf viruses
The female parent of the cross, ‘TOM-684’ is a precommercial elite line of S. lycopersicum, with low glandular trichome density and low acyl sugar content in the leaves (Maciel, Maluf, Silva, Gonçalves Neto, & Gomes, 2011), and LA-1401 is a wild accession of S. galapagense, with a high type IV glandular trichome density, a high leaf acyl sugar content, and resistance to arthropod pests (Lucatti et al, 2013)
Summary
One of the main pests that attack the tomato crop in its initial phase is the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). This insect causes direct damage to the crop by sucking sap from leaves and new branches, which impedes plant development. In addition to direct damage, M. persicae causes indirect damage since it is a vector of known disease viruses, such as tomato mosaic, tomato streak, tomato yellow top, and tomato bottom yellow leaf viruses These viruses limit crop production because for plants normally do not produce fruit and when they do the fruit does not meet the demands of the consumer market (Fornazier, Pratissoli, & Martins, 2010). Frequent use of these products negatively affects natural enemies, increases the possibility of developing populations of resistant pests, and may damage the environment and the health of rural workers and consumers (Baldin, Vendramim, & Lourenção, 2005; Silva et al, 2009)
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