Abstract

AbstractGladiolus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbous flowering plants of high economic importance valued both as an ornamental garden plant and as a cut flower crop. There are about 255 species and most of the modern day cultivars came from diverse genetic parentages. Most members of this genus are tetraploids having very small chromosomes ranging from 2n = 30–120. Breeding of novel gladiolus cultivars by either traditional cross or genetic engineering is possible only when valuable genetic resources are available. In recent years, due to globalization and urbanization many wild species of ornamental geophytes have become endangered. So, germplasm conservation is very important as a source of genetic variation for breeding, research, and to prevent rare species from becoming extinct. Many in vivo and in vitro techniques have been employed to conserve gladiolus germplasm, out of which cryopreservation is a way to maintain the plant lines in a minimal amount of space and to eliminate the labor needed to routinely transfer plants growing in culture or in the greenhouse. Biotechnological tools like tissue culture, molecular markers, and recombinant DNA technology have played vital role for the development of gladiolus cultivars with horticultural qualities.Keywords Gladiolus GermplasmGenetic diversityTetraploidCryopreservationBiotechnology

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