Gizzard Erosion Associated with Fowl Adenovirus Infection in Slaughtered Broiler Chickens in Iran.

Abstract

Gizzard erosions have been noticed in slaughtered broiler chickens during inspection at a processing plant in Iran. The condition was detected in piled gizzards derived from seven commercial broiler farms brought to slaughter on the same day. In total, 48 gizzards with lesions underwent thorough pathologic and virologic investigation. Perforation, roughening, and discoloration of the koilin layer as well as inflammation of the mucosa were observed macroscopically. Histologic examination showed dissociation of and cellular debris in the koilin layer accompanied by a loss and degeneration of glandular epithelium with mild to marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in the mucosa, submucosa, and muscular layer. Fowl adenovirus serotypes 1 (FAdV-1), 11 (FAdV-11), and 8a (FAdV-8a) were found in 13, 12, and 1 gizzard(s), respectively. Therein included were two gizzards that showed mixed infections with FAdV-1 and FAdV-11. Detailed analysis of the hexon gene revealed that the Iranian FAdV-1 isolates could be divided into two subclusters, more closely related to either the European (CELO) or the Asian (Ote) FAdV-1 reference strains. The present study, for the first time, describes not only the appearance of gizzard erosion but also the isolation of FAdV-1 and FAdV-8a from broilers in Iran and offers insights on the epidemiology of FAdV infection in Iranian flocks.