Abstract
Anyone who has participated in modern scientific publishing has experienced the potentially complex issue of coauthors, both in terms of who merits to be included on a particular paper and in what order should they be listed. During the early years of serial scientific publications in the 17th and 18th centuries, nearly all papers consisted of just a single author. In contrast, the growing complexity of most present-day studies has required collaborative teams to accomplish the work needed to present a suitable report meriting publication. Unfortunately, there exists no firm, uniform rules for determining authorship and current practices can vary significantly, even to the point that the literature is now plagued with ethically questionable practices.
Highlights
For most researchers, the baseline requirement for authorship is that the researcher should have provided a real contribution to the reported work
The baseline requirement for authorship is that the researcher should have provided a real contribution to the reported work. This does not mean that all contributors should be authors and the sticking point is often determining what merits authorship over a simple acknowledgement
Other contributions should be indicated in a footnote or an “Acknowledgments” section
Summary
The baseline requirement for authorship is that the researcher should have provided a real contribution to the reported work. ...someone who has made significant contribution to the project through planning, conceptualization, or research design; providing, collecting, or recording data; analyzing or interpreting data; or writing and editing the manuscript.
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