Abstract
Cancer Immunotherapy Mutations allow tumors to divide, escape death, and resist treatment. But mutations can also cause tumors to express mutant proteins, which could potentially be exploited to drive antitumor T cell responses. Carreno et al. report the results of a small phase I trial seeking to do just this (see the Perspective by Delamarre et al. ). They vaccinated three patients with advanced melanoma with personalized dendritic cell–based vaccines designed to activate T cells specific for mutations in the patients' cancer. T cells specific for mutant peptides did indeed expand. A next step will be to determine whether this promising strategy improves patient outcomes. Science , this issue p. [803][1]; see also p. [760][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aaa3828 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aab3465
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