Abstract
Precipitation is the primary source of fresh water in the world. Surface runoff will happen when the amount of rainfall is greater than the soil’s infiltration capacity. In most water resource applications, runoff is the most important hydrological variable. Aside from these rainfall characteristics, there are a number of catchment-specific elements that have a direct impact on runoff amount and volume. This research focuses on estimating surface runoff over the lower Vellar basin, a river basin in the southern part of India, by integrating Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) method with GIS. This technique is one of the most common methods used by hydrologists for estimating surface runoff. Curve Number (CN) is an index established by the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) to denote the potential for stormwater runoff. The nature of the watershed is explored first by creating land use and land cover pattern followed by the preparation of slope, drainage, and location maps. The area taken for this study is the lower Vellar basin situated in the Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India. The curve number is analyzed using the rainfall data of 15 years (2001-2015) and the runoff is being calculated. The watershed pattern of the study area is also explored being analyzed and executed. Preservation of the runoff water is also discussed.
Highlights
Water is the most important element for all living things; without water, there would be no vegetation on the Earth, no oxygen for animals to breathe, and the world would look very different than it does
The lower Vellar runoff index determined by land use, hydrological soil groups scuobnnbeacstiendcboymtphreisBesaythoefPBeerunmgPaaollntEonrtiah(ielyaeakares)tw.wTaahtteeerrpsshahretedsdao,nfdtohiesthe(HsoSuGt)h, abnyd tahnetecVedeellnatrmwoiasttuerreshcoendt,enatn(dAMtoCt)h. e east by the Ba lower Vellar watershed (Study area) comprise the catchment
Out of the overall area (1784 km2), 2 km2 have been designated as mining areas (Fig. 2), which will manage surface runoff
Summary
Water is the most important element for all living things; without water, there would be no vegetation on the Earth, no oxygen for animals to breathe, and the world would look very different than it does now. Water is required for human health and the preservation of the environment, and it should be valued and protected as a valuable resource. As a result of pollution, clean water is becoming increasingly scarce (Gagan et al 2016). The oceans hold around 97 percent of the world’s water. Even though there is abundant fresh water all across the world, there are some areas that are too dry and do not receive enough rain. Water scarcity is a prevalent issue in developing countries due to population expansion. Many areas lack sufficient water because people exhaust it. Water moves in a continuous cycle, never disappearing or ceasing to exist, but shifting from solid to liquid to gas. While some rainwater returns to the atmosphere, the majority of it enters the ground through aquifers
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