Abstract
This paper uses the GIS technology to collect location and geographic information of the South Atlantic ecological environment and then uses the remote sensing image technology to extract and analyse the collected information to provide a strong basis for maintaining a healthy marine ecological environment. Based on multitemporal remote sensing images, this paper constructs an ecological vulnerability evaluation model for marine by coupling several ecological indicators, analyses the status of marine ecological environment and its dynamic changes, explores the driving factors of its changes, further analyses the relationship between ecological vulnerability, land use changes, and landscape patterns, and proposes targeted ecological protection countermeasures for marine ecological environment. This paper analyses and studies the quality control mechanism of marine environment monitoring data, the construction of marine environment evaluation model, and the automation of evaluation and early warning response based on the application of GIS, with the support of marine environment evaluation and early warning business, to enhance the availability and integrity of marine environment monitoring data, improve the execution efficiency of marine environment evaluation business and early warning response, reduce the risk of marine environment emergencies, and realize the integration and intelligence of marine environment evaluation and early warning, to improve the level of Informa ionization and management of marine environment evaluation business in marine management departments. The operational watershed ecological environment monitoring service system built in this paper, which integrates GIS, RS, GPS, data warehouse, and other information technologies, has the advantages of high accuracy of information extraction, convenient data management, good portability, and strong operability, which can provide a scientific basis for the unified scheduling management of the marine environment, ecological environment evaluation, and sustainable development planning of the economy, and it is of great theoretical and practical significance and can be used in other watersheds. Meanwhile, the unique environment of the ocean has endowed the marine microorganism with affluent diversity, which can display a variety of bioactivities. In this study, thirty-two seawater and sediment samples were collected from different depths within the scope of 5 m to 3203 m at 18 sampling sites in the South Atlantic Ocean. 1017 culturable strains were obtained after isolation and identification. The tip culture method was used to screen strains with antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities. The tip culture results showed that a total of thirty-one marine strains were confirmed to have significant antagonism against aflatoxin production with an inhibition ratio exceeding 80%, including 11 strains with a mycelial growth inhibition ratio exceeding 80% simultaneously. The variability of culturable bacterial distribution and diversity were studied by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences revealed a significant diversity of culturable strains. A total of 31 strains clustered into 13 genera: Marinobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Alteromonas sp., Idiomarina sp., Halomonas sp., Alcanivorax sp., Thalassospira sp., Jannaschia sp., Stakelama sp., Erythrobacter sp., Chengkuizengella sp., Bacillus sp., and Microbacterium sp. The 31 strains with antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities were dominated by populations of strains belonging to the genus Thalassospira (19.35%). To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report to analyse the diversity of culturable bacteria with antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activities in the South Atlantic Ocean from three perspectives: different media, different sampling stations, and different sampling depths.
Highlights
With the continuous improvement of science and technology and the rapid growth of population, people are changing the ecological environment in which they live at an unprecedented speed and scale, bringing about a series of ecological problems such as soil erosion, land sanding, and vegetation degradation, which pose a great threat to human production activities
Based on the factors affecting the evaluation of the regional ecological environment of Zhoushan Islands based on RS and GIS, the first and most important step to evaluate the ecological environment of Zhoushan Islands is to establish a suitable indicator system. e establishment of the indicator system is the most basic prerequisite for quantitative evaluation of the regional ecological environment of the Zhoushan Islands and is directly related to the accuracy and science of the ecological environment evaluation of the study area
The natural, economic, and social profiles of Zhoushan Islands are introduced in detail, and the actual situation of ecological environment in the study area is analysed in combination with the profiles, while reference is made to the selection methods of domestic and foreign scholars for the indicator system, following the principles of operability, representativeness, and practicality, and a comprehensive indicator system is selected, the multisystem evaluation indicator system, which is different from the single type of regional indicator system [19]
Summary
With the continuous improvement of science and technology and the rapid growth of population, people are changing the ecological environment in which they live at an unprecedented speed and scale, bringing about a series of ecological problems such as soil erosion, land sanding, and vegetation degradation, which pose a great threat to human production activities. E strategy of “Ocean Power” promotes the development of the marine economy, which gradually makes the marine economy become a new growth engine of the national economy, and the protection of the marine environment is increasingly concerned by the public [1]. Under the general trend of promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the sea economy, scientific planning of marine spatial structure, effective development of marine resources, high protection of the marine ecological environment, and the formulation of reasonable marine economic development strategies have become the focus of the work of coastal provinces. Under the current increasingly severe ecological environment situation, making full use of multisource data and multiple technical means to carry out marine risk zoning research is of great significance for environmental protection and safe travel and can provide a scientific basis for government decision-making, planning, and management. We combine the existing remote sensing and GIS data products to study the extraction methods of model parameters, such as vegetation cover, precipitation, surface albedo, soil moisture parameters, root depth, and other parameters [4]
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