GIS-technologies in the specific features of development planning in large cities of Europe in the XVIII - XIX centuries

Abstract

Аbstract. Problem. The article reveals the use of knowledge of astronomy in engineering calculations when planning urban development in the 18th - 19th centuries. Goal A solar calculator from the SunCalc program was used in the study. It was proved by the example of the ancient buildings of St. Peter's Square in the Vatican that architects in ancient times madeaccurate calculations for the planning of streets and cities and used astronomical knowledge Thanks to the use of modern GIS technologies, it has become possible in our time to superimpose the existing buildings on a satellite image of the territory of the ancient buildings and see that the line of St. Peter's Square completely coincides with the line of the sun, directed at the vernal equinox - March 22. Methodology. The building line of the square - the beginning and end of the buildings, consisting ofcolumns, coincides with the line of the sun's rays directed to the days of the summer and winter solstices. This suggests that the architectural planning of the development of ancient cities was carried out with calculations according to the laws ofthe ecliptic, with knowledge of physical and mathematical calculations and all streets and arched vaults were aimed at the passage of sunlight on certain days in certain places, as if illuminating buildings and squares. Modern urban developmentplanning should be carried out using GIS technologies and mathematical modeling. Results Modern urban development must take into account historical architecture, areas of historical events and protected areas. The stylistics in the design must berepeated and the development planning must be carried out in a single architectural ensemble of the city. This will attract tourists and financial investments to us.