Abstract
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is commonly associated with meteorological data, but its algorithms may also use geographical data. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the high resolution CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data and the SRTM topography on the estimation accuracy of the weather model parameters in the WRF microscale simulations (200 × 200 m) for Warsaw. In the presented studies, the authors propose their own method of attaching the CLC data to the WRF microscale modeling for the CLC border areas, where first calculational domains reach beyond areas of CLC coverage. As a part of the research, the adaptation of the proposed method was examined by the assessment of the WRF microscale modeling simulations for Warsaw. The modified IGBP MODIS land use/land cover (LULC) and USGS GMTED2010 terrain elevation geographical data (30 arc seconds) was applied for the WRF simulations as default. As higher resolution geographical data (100 m), the LULC from CORINE Land Cover (CLC) 2018 data, and the SRTM topography were adopted. In this study the forecasts of air temperature and relative humidity at 2 m, and wind (speed and direction) at 10 m above ground level obtained using the WRF model for particular simulations were evaluated against measurements made at the Warsaw airports: Chopin (EPWA) and Babice (EPBC). The research has indicated that for microscale calculation fields there are noticeable changes in the meteorological parameter values when the CLC and the SRTM data are integrated into the WRF model, which in most cases yielded more accurate values of temperature and relative humidity at 2 m. This has also proved the correctness of the proposed methodology of the CLC data adoption. The improvement in the forecasted meteorological parameters is different for the particular locations and depends on the degree of the LULC and topography data change after higher resolution data adoption.
Highlights
As Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data became open source they could be effectively used in natural hazards analysis [1], climate research and meteorology, and especially in numerical weather modelling
We evaluated the impact of the high resolution CORINE Land Cover (CLC) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) topography on the estimation accuracy of the weather model parameters at the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) microscale simulations (200 × 200 m) for Warsaw
In this study we evaluated the impact of the high resolution CLC and the SRTM topography on the estimation accuracy of the weather model parameters in the WRF microscale simulations (200 × 200 m) for Warsaw
Summary
As Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data became open source they could be effectively used in natural hazards analysis [1], climate research and meteorology, and especially in numerical weather modelling. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale NWP model, that could be adapted for more precision forecasting in microscale (urban scale) by their users [12,13]. It was noticed that to be more effective in numerical weather forecasting, mesoscale and microscale (with mesh grid below 1 km) NWP models have to use the geographic data with the same or even higher spatial resolution than the mesh resolution of the calculation field [14,15,16]. Since various regions of the world—continents, countries or even cities in one country—have different types of high-resolution geographical data, the issue of supplying the model with those data lies with the user
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