Abstract
Population growth is a global issue that contributes to the changes in the distribution and concentration of population. Population growth affects the sustainable development of an area from both a social and spatial point of view. To relate the global problem to a local issue, this research investigates one of the Malaysian government policies addressed as the New Economic Policy (NEP) because the policy may be linked to long-term spatial demographic changes in Peninsular Malaysia, particularly in the distribution of people. Back in 1970, the policy was implemented after an unwanted incident on 13 May 1969. Its goals were to eradicate poverty regardless of race and to restructure society by eliminating the identification of race with economic functions. To measure the successfulness of the policy, two indicators that were derived from the goals are the long-term spatial changes of both racial and occupational segregation. The magnitude for both segregations was calculated using the Entropy Index (H). The values were then carried forward to evaluate the relationship between these two variables. The final analysis was conducted using the Local Bivariate Relationships application of a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool. The outputs then reflect the two sustainable goals that are, (i) reduced inequalities, and (ii) sustainable cities and communities in Peninsular Malaysia.
Highlights
This means that, among the six possible spatial relationships that can be generated using Local Bivariate Relationships on ArcGIS Pro, this study found that there were only two spatial relationships that exist between racial and occupational segregation among the districts in Peninsular Malaysia
Among the six types of relationships that can be identified by utilizing Local Bivariate Relationships, this study confirmed that there were two types of relationships that appeared between racial and occupational segregation in all districts of Peninsular Malaysia over 50 years, namely, “positive linear relationships”
The dependent variable in this study was the magnitude of racial segregation and the explanatory variable was the magnitude of occupational segregation
Summary
In these present days and times, demographic alteration occurs worldwide in most regions, continents, and countries. As a result, this worldwide phenomenon is marked by a huge increase in the number of populations. The years between 1950 and 2050 make up the range of time that covers the period of reciprocated global demographic alteration [1]. “In the past five decades, demographic change has been more rapid and more universal than in any other period of human history. The world is more diverse in birth, death, and growth rates than ever” [2] The world is more diverse in birth, death, and growth rates than ever” [2] (p. 142)
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