Abstract
The emission of odours into the atmospheric air from the municipal economy and industrial plants, especially in urbanized areas, causes a serious problem, which the mankind has been struggling with for years. The excessive exposure of people to odours may result in many negative health effects, including, for example, headaches and vomiting. There are many different methods that are used in order to evaluate the odour nuisance. The results obtained through those methods can then be used to carry out a visualization and an analysis of a distribution of the odour concentrations in a given area by using the GIS (Geographic Information System). By their application to the spatial analysis of the impact of odours, we can enable the assessment of the magnitude and likelihood of the occurrence of odour nuisance. Modelling using GIS tools and spatial interpolation like IDW method and kriging can provide an alternative to the standard modelling tools, which generally use the emission values from sources that are identified as major emitters of odours. The work presents the result, based on the odour measurements data from waste processing plant, of the attempt to connect two different tools – the reference model OPERAT FB and GIS-based dispersion modelling performed using IDW method and ordinary kriging to analyse their behaviour in terms of limited observation values.
Highlights
Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely used in many fields related to the environmental protection, including for example hydrology, meteorology and to estimate a dispersion of air pollutants [1, 2]
Some model based on odour dispersion calculations using a mathematical model CALPUFF and geostatistical analysis – ordinary kriging was used to characterize the odour nuisance caused by a distillery located in the south-west of Poland [7]
The analysis of the results showed that interpolated concentration data points on the boundary isolines obtained from calculations by using the OPERAT FB software, mainly in the south-east polygon, have a more widespread interpolated surface i.e. 1200–1600 m from the studied facility compared to GIS model
Summary
Geographic Information System (GIS) has been widely used in many fields related to the environmental protection, including for example hydrology, meteorology and to estimate a dispersion of air pollutants [1, 2]. That is why GIS is a suitable tool to analyse and visualize environmental models based on spatial data. As an example, it can visually show pollution condition and environmental quality [3, 5]. There are several air pollution dispersion models, which simultaneously use GIS tools for instance to visualize the achieved data. The most commonly used ones are CALPUFF and AERMOD Both of them are designed generally for air pollutants, but they meet the requirements for the use of data about the odour concentrations or emissions. Some model based on odour dispersion calculations using a mathematical model CALPUFF and geostatistical analysis – ordinary kriging was used to characterize the odour nuisance caused by a distillery located in the south-west of Poland [7]. In Poland the reference model based on Pasquill formula and adapted to the description of methodology for performing such calculations in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Environment dated 26 January 2010 on reference values for some substances in the air is used [11]
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