Ginsenoside Rh2 induces DNA damage and autophagy in vestibular schwannoma is dependent of LAMP2 transcriptional suppression

Abstract

Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2), a component of ginseng extraction, exerted anti-tumor property in the occurrence and progress of human tumors. Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a kind of benign tumor. Extraction of traditional Chinese herb has been applied to treat VS as adjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, G-Rh2-related molecular mechanisms in VS progress are not yet clear. The purpose of current study is to unveil the function and potential molecular mechanism of Rh2 in VS cellular functions. At first, the viability and apoptosis of VS cells treated with different concentrations of Rh2 were assessed. Autophagy and DNA damage response can be induced by multiple drugs. Here, we observed the changes of autophagy and DNA damage in Rh2-induced VS cells. Based on the experimental data, treatment with Rh2 contributed to cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage and suppressing DNA damage. LAMP2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2), an autophagy inducer, was downregulated in Rh2-treated VS cells. Through mechanism study, we determined that Rh2 led to the transcriptional inactivation of LAMP2 by downregulating its transcription activator NR2F2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2). In addition, NR2F2 overexpression recovered the role of Rh2 in cell functions, which was further rescued by the silence of LAMP2. Collectively, our study unveiled a novel NR2F2/LAMP2 axis in Rh2-mediated VS cells, which potentially contributes to the therapy for VS.