Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be used to repair soft tissue defects, wounds, burns, and scars and to regenerate various damaged tissues. The cell differentiation capacity of ASCs is crucial for engineered adipose tissue regeneration in reconstructive and plastic surgery. We previously reported that ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1 or Rg1) promotes proliferation and differentiation of ASCs in vitro and in vivio. Here we show that both G-Rg1 and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) improve the proliferation, differentiation, and soft tissue regeneration capacity of human breast adipose-derived stem cells (HBASCs) on collagen type I sponge scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Three months after transplantation, tissue wet weight, adipocyte number, intracellular lipid, microvessel density, and gene and protein expression of VEGF, HIF-1α, and PPARγ were higher in both G-Rg1- and PRF-treated HBASCs than in control grafts. More extensive new adipose tissue formation was evident after treatment with G-Rg1 or PRF. In summary, G-Rg1 and/or PRF co-administration improves the function of HBASCs for soft tissue regeneration engineering.
Highlights
Engineered adipose tissue is an attractive substitute for reconstruction or augmentation of soft tissue defects in reconstructive, plastic, or aesthetic surgery
Following initial isolation and expansion, homogeneous human breast adipose-derived stem cells (HBASCs) that grew in a monolayer with spindle-shaped morphology were observed following one to two weeks culture (Figure 1A)
Green nuclei were observed in HBASCs when the cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Figure 1F)
Summary
Engineered adipose tissue is an attractive substitute for reconstruction or augmentation of soft tissue defects in reconstructive, plastic, or aesthetic surgery. Tumor resection, and congenital or acquired anomalies are the main causes justifying the need for adipose substitutes in reconstructive surgery, and tissue engineering strategies are a promising alternative therapeutic approach to address the low predictability of autologous fat transplantation. Previous studies have proven that an ideal scaffold could promote the tissue regeneration process, an important factor in improving the cosmetic result [1,2,3,4]. Scaffolds induce angiogenesis pathways leading to vascularization in neogenetic tissue in vitro. Excellent biocompatibility which can be affected by many factors including drugs, microenvironment, or endocrine changes is a critical requirement for scaffolds in adipose tissue engineering [7,8,9]
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