Abstract
Methods Wound-healing assay and Transwell assay were utilized to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb1 on the migration of BMSCs. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (PKB; AKT). Results Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly enhanced the migration of BMSCs through the activation of SDF-1, CXCR4, p-PI3K/PI3K, and p-Akt/Akt relative expression. Furthermore, this stimulus was blocked by the pretreatment with AMD3100 and LY294002. Conclusions Ginsenoside Rb1 facilitated the migration of BMSCs through the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and PI3K/Akt pathway.
Highlights
The skin is the first barrier of the body against the external environment
When Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were incubated with adipogenic induction medium for 2 weeks, the cell morphology changed significantly from a spindle-shaped to intumescent morphology, and the cells were filled with adipose drops that were positively stained for Oil Red O (Figure 1(b))
Phenotypic identification was analyzed by flow cytometry, the results showed that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-specific markers CD29 was positive with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 99:1 ± 0:8%, CD90 was positive with a mean ± SD of 99:0 ± 0:6%, CD105 was positive with a mean ± SD of 97:2 ± 0:8%, all samples were negative for CD34, and these results demonstrated the high purity of BMSCs and the absence of hematopoietic contaminants [19]
Summary
The skin is the first barrier of the body against the external environment. When the skin is injured, the wound-healing process is required to restore the skin barrier. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of tissue-forming cell lineages and secrete various bioactive factors to support all events during the skin regeneration process including inflammation, angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, cell migration, and reepithelialization [4]. Another study indicated that ginsenoside Rb1 promoted the proliferation of hair follicles and dermal papilla cells [12] These studies implied that ginsenoside Rb1 may have therapeutic effects in cutaneous wound healing. Li et al [15] showed that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis facilitated dental pulp stem cell migration through the PI3K/Akt pathways, which is involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell proliferation and migration, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis [16, 17]. The effect and the underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 on MSCs are largely unknown Clarifying these aspects of ginsenoside Rb1 could illuminate its role in the wound-healing process
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