Gingival recession after scaling and root planing with or without systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin: a re-review.

Abstract

Gingival recessions inevitably occur during healing after scaling and root planing, but synoptic data on this topic is still lacking. This review compared the recession formation with and without the administration of systemic antibiotics. To evaluate the formation of recession with and without the administration of antibiotics during the healing after scaling and root planing. This study re-analyzed publications that reported clinical attachment levels (CAL) and probing pocket depths (PD) up to January 2019, including the pivotal review by Zandbergen and co-workers (2013). Whereas these studies traditionally focused on PD and CAL, the present analysis compared recession formation (ΔREC) after adjunctive systemic administration of amoxicillin (amx) and metronidazole (met) during scaling and root planing (SRP) and SRP alone. The mean increase in ΔREC, if not reported, was calculated from CAL and PD values and statistically analyzed. Recession formation was compared after 3 and 6months after therapy. Results were separately reported for chronic periodontitis (CP) as well as aggressive periodontitis (AP) cases. Recessions increased consistently between baseline and follow-up. In the AP group, median ΔREC was 0.20mm after 3months, irrespective of whether antibiotics were administered or not. After 6months, median ΔREC increased to 0.35mm after AB and remained stable at 0.20mm with SRP alone. In the CP group, after 3months with and without antibiotics, median ΔREC accounted for 0.30mm and 0.14mm, respectively. After 6months, median ΔREC accounted for 0.28mm (with AB) and 0.20mm (without AB). The quantitative assessment by meta-analyses also yielded small values (≤ 0.25mm) for the estimated differences in recession formation between AB and noAB; however, none of them reached statistical significance. Although a slight tendency towards higher recession formation after SRP in combination with AB could be observed in many studies, quantitative meta-analyses showed no clinically relevant difference in recession formation due to the administration of AB. In general, the description and discussion of recessions in the literature seems not to be a major focus so far. Since the preservation of gingival tissues is important by preventive and therapeutic means, e.g., when avoiding postoperative root sensitivity or performing regenerative surgery, these aspects should not be neglected. We thus suggest to report REC measurements along with PD and CAL values for more direct recession formation (ΔREC) assessments in the future.