Abstract
Background: Consanguineous marriage is a relationship between biologically related individuals. Genetic factors have a role in gene environment interactions that takes the center stage. The evidence of oral disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) may depend on genetic syndromes, inherited diseases, familial studies etc. The present study aims at assessing dental plaque and gingival health condition in children of inbreeding parents compared with children of outbreeding parents among primary schools in Al-Qasem city/ Babylon governorate in Iraq. Materials and methods: this comparative study included three hundred ninety eight (398) students, 6-12 years old, from 4 primary schools; 199 children had their parents of inbreeding marriage with first level of inbreeding, and the other 199 children had parents of outbreeding marriage. Plaque status was assessed according to index of Silness and Loe (1964), gingival health status according to index of Loe and Silness (1963). Results: Children of inbreeding parents showed significantly higher plaque index and gingival index mean values than children of outbreeding parents. Mild gingivitis was found as the most prevalent type among both groups. A highly significant positive correlation was found between gingival and plaque indices. Conclusion: Inbreeding rates have an effect on oral health, as the children of outbreeding parents had significantly better oral hygiene and gingival health condition than children of inbreeding parents.
 
Highlights
Inbreeding is defined as a union between two individuals who related as second cousins or other relation
Inbreeding rates have an effect on oral health, as the children of outbreeding parents had significantly better oral hygiene and gingival health condition than children of inbreeding parents
In different circumstances, inbreeding can happen in a large population as a form of nonrandom marriage when the frequency of consanguineous marriage is more than that anticipated by chance. [1,2] Consanguineous marriage is common in many countries, first-cousin marriage and other types of consanguineous marriage are common in a number of general populations from different places of the world. [3,4] Research on the relationship between consanguinity and many parameters of oral and periodontal health status is limited, both in quality and quantity. [5,6] Periodontal disease is genetically inherited and appears to follow an autosomal recessive pattern
Summary
Inbreeding is defined as a union between two individuals who related as second cousins or other relation. [1] As a consequence of inheriting the identical chromosomal segment through both parents, who inherited it from ancestor, the individuals born of consanguineous marriage have a number of pieces of their chromosomes which are homozygous For this reason, inbreeding increases the homozygosity and, recessive alleles masked by heterozygosity with predominant alleles will be assert through inbreeding. Many recessive alleles found in natural populations that have adverse effects on organism, usually inbreeding make decrease in size, reproductive fitness and vigor. It is can happen through two different biological positions. The present study aims at assessing dental plaque and gingival health condition in children of inbreeding parents compared with children of outbreeding parents among primary schools in Al-Qasem city/ Babylon governorate in Iraq
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