Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the relevance of the probe test in classifying the gingival biotype and to determine if differences exist between maxillary and mandibular gingival biotypes in the same patient. Materials and Methods: 53 subjects were included. The gingival thickness was evaluated as thick or thin. This evaluation was based on the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin while probing the sulcus. In another hand, 124 clinicians were asked to identify the gingival biotype in the same 53 subjects based on visual inspection on pictures. For each examiner, the accuracy in identifying the gingival biotype was assessed using the percentage of cases correctly identified. Results: the percentile of agreement is greater than 70% in maxilla as well as in mandible. An imbalance was observed on the maxillary pictures concerning the gingival biotype and on the thin biotype between maxilla and mandible despite there being no statistical difference (p probe results demonstrates a weak percentile of agreement of gingival biotypes between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth (57%). Conclusion: The use of probe transparency through the gingival margin is an accurate and simple method for gingival biotype diagnosis to discriminate a thin gingival from a thick gingival. Furthermore, individualizing the gingival biotype for each of the arches appears to be a new outcome that needs further investigation.
Highlights
During orthodontic treatment, periodontal attachment loss and marginal tissue recession are adverse effects that are observed in patients presenting reduced gingival thickness
The use of probe transparency through the gingival margin is an accurate and simple method for gingival biotype diagnosis to discriminate a thin gingival from a thick gingival
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relevance of the probe test in classifying the gingival biotype and to determine if differences exist between maxillary and mandibular gingival biotypes
Summary
Periodontal attachment loss and marginal tissue recession are adverse effects that are observed in patients presenting reduced gingival thickness. Diagnosing these patients when beginning an orthodontic treatment may help practitioners in making appropriate decisions concerning the degree of incisor inclination or intrusion. A relevant, reproducible, sensitive, predictive, and easy-to-use classification method has to be developed to detect and diagnose high-risk patients in terms of marginal tissue recession prior to orthodontic treatment. In a previous article [1], we tested a visual inspection method and our conclusions, consistent with the literature, demonstrated that visual inspection alone is not a reliable method for gingival biotype diagnosis. This study demonstrates the existence of a different biotype between maxilla and mandible in a patient, requiring a specific diagnosis between the two arches
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