Abstract
Ginger has many bioactive compounds with pharmacological activities. However, few studies are known about these bioactive compounds activity in chemoresistant cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer properties of ginger phytochemicals in docetaxel-resistant human prostate cancer cells in vitro. In this study, we isolated 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 4-shogaol, 6-shogaol, 10-shogaol, and 6-dehydrogingerdione from ginger. Further, the antiproliferation activity of these compounds was examined in docetaxel-resistant (PC3R) and sensitive (PC3) human prostate cancer cell lines. 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-shogaol at the concentration of 100 μM significantly inhibited the proliferation in PC3R but 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-shogaol displayed similar activity in PC3. The protein expression of multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTπ) is higher in PC3R than in PC3. In summary, we isolated the bioactive compounds from ginger. Our results showed that 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-shogaol inhibit the proliferation of PC3R cells through the downregulation of MRP1 and GSTπ protein expression.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the western countries
We have demonstrated that 6-dehydrogingerdione previous studies, we have demonstrated that 6-dehydrogingerdione induced cell proliferation and induced cell proliferation and migration [21]
We further examined the protein level of GSTπ and multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) at 100 μM of 6-shogaol (2), 10-shogaol(3), (3), 6-gingerol treatment at h in
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the western countries. Prostate cancer can be diagnosed in the early stage by detection of specific antigen called prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [1,2,3].Prostate cancer can be divided into two types of prostate cancers including hormone-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer [4]. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in the western countries. Prostate cancer can be diagnosed in the early stage by detection of specific antigen called prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [1,2,3]. Prostate cancer can be divided into two types of prostate cancers including hormone-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer [4]. Prostate cancer is sensitive to hormonal therapy. Resistance to androgen deprivation therapy occurs in the patients [5]. It should be noted that androgen-independent prostate cancer is often insensitive to anti-cancer drugs [6,7,8]
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