Abstract
Comparative study of gill-arch structure of Recent clupeid fishes suggests that during the evolution of the family there occurred a repeated tendency toward microphagous habits. Gill-arch modifications include fusion of tooth plates with their endochondral supports, loss of teeth, proliferation of gill rakers, development of a mediopharyngobranchial, and development of epibranchial organs. Clupeid phylogeny is discussed in relation to gill-arch structure. It is concluded that the Dussumieriinae are the most primitive Recent clupeids.
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