Abstract
The present article aims to show the meaning of the biological philosophy of technique in Gilbert Simondon. This concept puts into action a reading of the French philosopher's philosophy of technique as a regional ontology within his ontogenetic general ontology, which in that particular scheme is based on an organic model. We will elaborate this to show that the individuation of technical objects, their concretization marked by their functional overdetermination, forces us to think of them in its organicity and from a general organology. Moreover, the concepts of adaptation and associated environment also contribute as biological aspects that accompany Simondon's conception of the mode of existence of technical beings. As a result, we will see that the more concrete and adapted the technical object is - in the series of its specific evolution - the more it comes closer to the proper biological individuality. This approximation will not have, however, the meaning of a complete assimilation between the technical (especially the machinical) and the organic. In the vital self-production, Simondon demonstrates that there always remains something beyond the machinical, namely, the idea of an absolute vital source of technical objects as a guided mutation. We will show that such a source is not merely human, but also extends to other spheres of the vital domain.
Highlights
Em “Máquina e organismo”, Georges Canguilhem afirma que buscou-se quase sempre, a partir da estrutura e do funcionamento da máquina já construída, explicar a estrutura e o funcionamento do organismo; mas se buscou raramente compreender a própria construção da máquina a partir da estrutura e funcionamento do organismo (1952, p. 124)
The present article aims to show the meaning of the biological philosophy of technique in Gilbert Simondon. This concept puts into action a reading of the French philosopher’s philosophy of technique as a regional ontology within his ontogenetic general ontology, which in that particular scheme is based on an organic model
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A, 361, p. 1709-19, 2003
Summary
O presente artigo visa mostrar o significado da filosofia biológica da técnica em Gilbert Simondon. A metáfora do teatro também se aplica aos objetos técnicos, como vimos, mas a diferença é que seu autocondicionamento não é do mesmo tipo que o do ser vivo, justamente porque é o vivente que mantém sua própria individualização dando vida à própria máquina. Enquanto conceito que demarca a individuação técnica, o termo concretização abrange todos esses aspectos de maneira extremamente dinâmica, pois demarca o caráter de devir do objeto técnico, o que lhe concede o status de algo mais do que uma mera matéria morta, mas, ao mesmo tempo, enfatiza essa tendência para o concreto como um ainda-não-ser-concreto, algo que todo ente natural (vivo) é. Como bem explicitou também Guchet, contra essa falácia que constitui um dos elementos do “evolucionismo tecnológico”, “a inovação técnica só é suscetível se justamente for despojada de seu próprio tempo, para ser inscrita no tempo orientado da evolução” (2005, p. 301)
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