Abstract
GIGANTEA (GI) is a gene involved in multiple biological functions, which have been analysed and are partially conserved in a series of mono- and dicotyledonous plant species. The identified biological functions include control over the circadian rhythm, light signalling, cold tolerance, hormone signalling and photoperiodic flowering. The latter function is a central role of GI, as it involves a multitude of pathways, both dependent and independent of the gene CONSTANS(CO), as well as on the basis of interaction with miRNA. The complexity of the gene function of GI increases due to the existence of paralogs showing changes in genome structure as well as incidences of sub- and neofunctionalization. We present an updated report of the biological function of GI, integrating late insights into its role in floral initiation, flower development and volatile flower production.
Highlights
GIGANTEA (GI) is a plant-specific nuclear protein, identified for the first time in Arabidopsis thaliana as a late flowering mutant [1]
In Arabidopsis, GI affects the growth of the hypocotyl through the interaction with SPINDLY (SPY), a gene involved in the regulation of gibberellin signalling
Biological functions include circadian clock regulation, light signalling, flowering time control, which were already described in detail under molecular functions, as well as chlorophyll accumulation, sugar metabolism, stress tolerance, vegetative growth, flower development and floral scent emission described below
Summary
GIGANTEA (GI) is a plant-specific nuclear protein, identified for the first time in Arabidopsis thaliana as a late flowering mutant [1]. Evolutionary phylogenetic analysis of the gene has shown that GI in Petunia and in general in Solanaceae, is grouped separately from the clade of Brassicaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae. This indicates an evolutionary departure that appears to be specific to plant families. This review gives an overview of the molecular functions, cellular localisation and biological functions of GI paralogs, described in model plants as well as crops of agronomic importance
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