Abstract
Two state functions have been formulated based on the spontaneity criterion for a given process, i.e. the positive entropy production: Gibbs free energy (for constant pressure and constant temperature conditions) and Helmholtz free energy (for constant volume and constant temperature conditions). The free energy quantities contain two parts, one based on the energy (enthalpy or internal energy) and the other based on entropy; temperature is also part of the expressions making temperature a key parameter for process spontaneity. The free energy functions strive towards a minimum value, which thus define the conditions for equilibrium.
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