Abstract
Proper development of the maize kernel is of great significance for high and stable maize yield to ensure national food security. Gibberellin (GA), one of the hormones regulating plant growth, is involved in modulating the development of maize kernels. Cellulose, one of the main components of plant cells, is also regulated by gibberellin. The mechanism of hormone regulation during maize grain development is highly complicated, and reports on GA-mediated modulation of cellulose synthesis during maize grain development are rare. Our study revealed that during grain growth and development, the grain length and bulk density of GA-treated corn kernels improved significantly, and the cellulose content of grains increased, while seed coat thickness decreased. The transcription factor basic region/leucine zipper motif 53 (bZIP53), which is strongly correlated with cellulose synthase gene 1 (CesA1) expression, was screened by transcriptome sequencing and the expression of the cellulose synthase gene in maize grain development after GA treatment was determined. It was found that bZIP53 expression significantly promoted the expression of CesA1. Further, analysis of the transcription factor bZIP53 determined that the gene-encoded protein was localized in the cell and nuclear membranes, but the transcription factor bZIP53 itself showed no transcriptional activation. Further studies are required to explore the interaction of bZIP53 with CesA1.
Highlights
Corn is an essential agricultural food crop in China, which is the highest producer of corn in the world
BZIP53 exhibited a higher correlation with the cellulose synthase gene 1 (CesA1) gene in corn grains, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.8, but was lower than that in other parts, indicating that basic region/leucine zipper motif 53 (bZIP53) had a similar gene expression pattern as CesA1
At each stage of maize grain development, the cellulose content of GA-treated maize seeds was higher than that of the control group (Fig 2D), and it was confirmed that GA treatment increased the cellulose content of maize seeds
Summary
Corn is an essential agricultural food crop in China, which is the highest producer of corn in the world. Eighty-six percent of the maize produced is used in feed for pigs, chickens, cows, and beef cattle located in 85% of developed countries. With the development of agricultural livestock production, the status of corn as a feed crop in China is becoming increasingly important. Fat, vitamins, trace elements, and cellulose, and possesses great potential for the development of highly nutritional and bio-functional food. There are still many shortcomings in corn cultivation technology that affects corn growth and production. It is important to improve both the quantity and quality of production to achieve a high and stable yield of corn. Corn are the primary crop, and very significant to agricultural production. Which’s kernels quality is directly related to food safety
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