“Giardia and Cryptosporidium” removal technologies in water supply systems: a systematic literature review / Tecnologias de remoção de “Giardia e Cryptosporidium” em sistemas de abastecimento de água: uma revisão sistemática de literatura

Abstract

Water treatment plants must have processes that ensure that the water supplied to the population meets the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the Ministry of Health and ensuring compliance with the recommended limits will provide increased safety in terms of the absence of bacteria, viruses and protozoa. present in the water. Water contamination after treatment by giardia and Cryptosporidium occurs in developed and developing countries, and one of the causes is the resistance of these protozoa to traditional standards of disinfection by chlorination. In this sense, the present article aims to gather information on giardia and Cryptosporidium removal technologies in water supply systems using systematic literature mapping (MSL). Thus, the research used the Science Direct database (Elsevier) with a time frame covering the period from 2016 to 2021. The keywords used were “giardia and Cryptosporidium, water treatment, removal. The research identified 58 studies that, after applying the exclusion criteria, 22.41% of the articles were selected for the first stage, and after the second stage, 5.17% of the total. Research has shown that there are treatment processes for removing “giardia and Cryptosporidium”, such as coagulation/filtration, reverse osmosis, micro or ultrafiltration, advanced UV-based oxidation, etc. and simpler processes such as using slow filtration. Many times, a set of these processes must be used so that the removal can take place in the proper way and that, with this, the potability of the water is guaranteed.