Abstract
The giant k31 and piezoelectric d31 constant in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMNT) single-crystal plates with dimensions of 13L×4.0W×0.34T/0.47T mm were investigated via the poling field dependence of the ferroelectric properties and by impedance response analysis on the k31 mode. Giant k31 over 86% was realized for (110) PMNT single-crystal plates under the conditions of a poling temperature of 40°C (pseudo-cubic phase), DC poling fields over 200 V/mm, and a poling time of 10 min. P–E hysteresis loops in (110) PMNT plates with giant k31 became asymmetric when the bipolar triangle pulse field exceeded 800 V/mm, which corresponds to the coercive field to obtain giant k31. The frequency response of impedance in (110) PMNT plates with giant k31 consisted of a single vibration in the length direction. Furthermore, since there were two frequency constants, 680 Hz-m on k31 (length direction) mode and 1425 Hz-m on k32 (width direction) mode, a single domain structure in the (110) PMNT single-crystal plate was confirmed by an anisotropy of their frequency constants. A mechanism to realize giant k31 can be explained by the relationship between the crystal plane and poling direction. The existence of a giant d31 constant was proven by the strain measurement as well as by the impedance measurement.
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