Giant hydronephrosis: still a reality!

Abstract

Giant hydronephrosis (GH) is a rare entity in both developed and developing countries with less than 500 cases reported in the literature. Delayed diagnosis and management of GH, can result in long-term complications like hypertension, rupture of the kidney, renal failure and malignant change. We aim to highlight the importance of this often neglected entity and build a consensus for its early diagnosis and management. Patients with GH were thoroughly worked up, managed and followed up between June 2013 and December 2015 and epidemiologic, radiological, perioperative and follow-up data was recorded. A total of 35 patients (adults and children) were reported. Flank pain in adults and abdominal lump in children were the most common clinical presentation. Percutaneous nephrostomy tube was placed in all patients and detailed work up was done to reach final diagnosis. Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) was the final diagnosis in 32 patients (91.4%). Kidneys were non-functioning in 13 cases (37.1%) so nephrectomies were performed. Reduction pyeloplasty with nephropexy was done in 21 patients (60%) with 81% success and 23.1% complication rates. GH requires early diagnosis and management to prevent higher nephrectomy rate along with poor success rate of conservative surgery like pyeloplasty.