Abstract
Solid state magnetic sensors have inherent characteristics that make them potential candidates in a huge range of applications regarding magnetic field sensing. This chapter mentions their high level of integration with electronics, their low weight, low cost, and wide bandwidth, among others. Hall effect devices and magnetoresistance sensors are excellent examples. Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors, while maintaining these advantages, have demonstrated better performance figures regarding sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this way, GMR/TMR sensors have been considered in scenarios requiring sub-nT measurements, with demonstrated success. The chapter presents the fundamental basis of GMR/TMR and describes the state-of-the-art use of GMR/TMR sensors. ECT based on GMR sensors has been extensively applied to the evaluation of PCBs. GMR/TMR-based micromachined probe needles have also been designed for detecting brain activity through the measurement of generated magnetic fields.
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