Abstract
Apical or periapical cysts are the most common type of cyst, affecting the local and systemic health of patients. This pathology can manifest as an inflammatory condition in periodontal tissues due to the stimulation and proliferation of the epithelial cell rests of Malassez and it can be identified in clinical visits and imaging exams of routine. Apical cysts do not cause facial pain and/or swelling and appear as a well-defined radiolucent region when analyzed radiographically. Differential diagnosis include dentigerous cyst, ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, and periapical cementoma. Only a histopathological analysis can provide a definite diagnosis. Several methods have been described to treat apical cysts, such as endodontic therapies, decompression, marsupialization and cystectomy. A healthy 60-year-old man looked the dental office and reported successful endodontic treatment in the upper central and lateral incisors teeth and a tomographic exam suggested the presence of the large periapical cystic lesions located in the anterior region of the maxillary. After complementary exams, the cystic lesion was enucleated without endodontic. Histopathological analysis confirmed the hypothetical diagnosis which had been observed in the imaging exam. The patient’s clinical follow-up showed good evolution with no clinical symptoms and bone healing was observed in the region of the lesion. It is essential for dentists to have knowledge about diagnostic methods and treatments to avoid adverse effects in healthy teeth or other structures present in the face. Disseminating information about an uncommon case to the scientific community may help achieving success in similar situations.
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