Abstract
Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone, mainly synthesized by P / D1 cells of the stomach fundus mucosa. Its basic effect, whichis realized via GHS-R1 α receptor in the arcuate and the ventromedial nucleuses of hypothalamus, is stimulation of the synthesis of pituitaryhormones. Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cellproliferation and apoptosis, as well as modulation of functioning of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and immune systems.It was found that cardiomyocytes are able to synthesize ghrelin. High concentrations of GHS-R1α in the heart and major blood vesselsevidence for its possible participation in functioning of cardiovascular system. Ghrelin inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes andendothelial cells, and improves the functioning of the left ventricle (LV) after injury of ischemia-reperfusion mechanism. In rats withheart failure (HF) ghrelin improves LV function and attenuates development of cardiac cachexia. In addition, ghrelin exerts vasodilatoryeffects in humans, improves cardiac function and reduces peripheral vascular resistance in patients with chronic HF. The reviewcontains of the predictive value of ghrelin in the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Highlights
За прошедшие со дня открытия грелина 15 лет этот гормон стал предметом многочисленных исследований
which is realized via GHS-R1 α receptor in the arcuate
Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance
Summary
За прошедшие со дня открытия грелина 15 лет этот гормон стал предметом многочисленных исследований. Недавно открыто свойство грелина тормозить апоптоз КМЦ, обнаружены его кардиопротективное влияние – снижение ишемии миокарда и вазодилатирующий эффект, а также участие в регуляции гемодинамики и артериального давления (АД) [27,28,29]. Вазодилатационные эффекты грелина и его влияние на функциональную активность эндотелия Клинические и экспериментальные исследования показали, что стимуляция грелином рецепторов GHS-R1α сопровождается вазодилатацией [31,32,33].
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