Abstract
ABSTRACT Genotypes can respond differently to environments; thus, studies on adaptability and production stability are important to assist breeders in the identification and recommendation of cultivars. The objective of this work was to determine the adaptability and production stability of cowpea genotypes focused on subsidize recommendations of cultivars for green grain production in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Five assays were conducted in different locations in two climatic regions of the state of Ceará: a tropical mild hot semiarid region encompassing the municipalities of Acaraú, Pentecoste, and Crato, and a tropical hot semiarid region encompassing the municipalities of Mauriti and Madalena. Twenty cowpea genotypes-12 elite lines and 8 cultivars-were evaluated for cultivation value and use, using a randomized block design, with four replications. The results were subjected to analyses of variance and adaptability and green grain yield stability analyses by GGE biplot multivariate analysis. The effects of genotypes, environments, and G×E were significant, denoting different responses of genotypes in different locations. The results of the adaptability and stability analyses by the GGE biplot method showed that the two principal components explained 72.17% of the total variation, allowing reliable bidimensional projections. The municipality of Crato was the ideal location for tests and the lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27 showed good production, adaptation, and stability, and can be recommended for green grain production in the state of Ceará, Brazil.
Highlights
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) green grains are very appreciated by people of the Northeast region of Brazil, and is part of several local typical dishes
The construction of the GGE biplot model is done by simple dispersion of gli and gi2 for genotypes, and elj and e2j for environments, by singular value decomposition (SVD), according to the equation: The joint analyses of variance showed significant differences (p
The i-th genotype for PCE1 and PCE2, respectively; Barros et al (2016) and Santos et al (2017a) and η1j and η2j are the eigenvalues of the j-th found similar results for grain yield of cowpea environment for PCE1 and PCE2, respectively
Summary
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) green grains (immature grains) are very appreciated by people of the Northeast region of Brazil, and is part of several local typical dishes. The cowpea green grain market is traditional in the Northeast region, and is growing in other capitals of North, Southeast, and Center-West regions of Brazil (SOUSA et al, 2015). The state of Ceará is probably the greatest producer and consumer of green grains in the Northeast region; the cowpea marketed volume in 2016 reached 2.887.7 Mg (CEASA, 2018), denoting a great demand of this product in the state. The green-grain cowpea (pods and immature grains) is an attractive market due to its great volume, but little information is found regarding its production by family farmers (predominant) or agribusiness entrepreneurships (FREIRE FILHO et al, 2017). Despite many genetic materials used for dry grain production are used for green grain production, there are a recent demand of supermarket and restaurant chains for green-grain cowpea that presents longer shelf-life and preserve its visual characteristics after cooking, which usually is not found when using conventional cultivars for dry grain production (ROCHA, 2009)
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