Abstract
Coffee is the main Ethiopia’s most important agricultural export crop, which is providing about 25-30% of foreign exchange earnings. The estimation of stability performance of the cultivars becomes most important to detect consistently performing and high yielding genotypes. Eleven Arabica coffee genotypes were evaluated in southwestern part of the Ethiopia across four locations for two consecutive years (2014/15 - 2015/16). The objective of the study was to estimate the presence of the interaction between genotypes and environments; and the stability performance of the coffee cultivars for its bean yield. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated twice in each testing location. Genotypes were evaluated by Genotype main effect and genotype x environment interaction (GGE) biplot. The combined analysis of variance indicated that genotypes, environments and GEI showed highly significant (p<0.01). Total variation explained was 41.63% for environments, 9.31% for genotypes and 32.32% for genotype by environment interaction (GEI). This obviously shows that the effect of the genotypes to the total variance was minimal when compare to the environment and the GEI. GGE biplot grouped the environments into four clusters with five genotypes being the winners in different group of environments. Top yielding cultivars namely; L52/2001 and L55/2001; and E6 (Jimma 2015/16) were identified as an ideal genotype and environment, respectively. In this study, stable genotypes, suitable environment for each of the coffee genotype and environment similarity based on bean yield were identified.
Highlights
Coffee is the most important agricultural commodity cash crop in the world
The considerable effect of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) in Ethiopia on the morphological traits of the Arabica coffee was stated by earlier investigators [12, 11, 24]
Regarding the proportional effect of each variant component over the total effect, environment had the highest impact on the yield, accounting for 42.74%, 32.32% for GEI and the genotypes alone accounted for the least variability (8.31%) Table 3.) This indicates the big impact of environment and GEI on yield performance of the tested coffee genotypes
Summary
Coffee is the most important agricultural commodity cash crop in the world. About 25 million families—mostly smallholder farmers in more than 50 countries produce and sell coffee. Brazil is the largest producer in the world; whereas Ethiopia is the largest from Africa. In spite of the huge genetic diversity and conducive agro ecological condition in the country, the production and productivity of the crop in the country is still not yet fully improved. Lack of improved coffee varieties for all coffee producing agro ecological zones and lack of suitable coffee varieties that exhibit stable performance across wide ranges of coffee producing environments is the main factors among the others [5, 23]
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