Abstract
Hybrids that are stable or adaptable in a specific location for the western region of Indonesia are required to increase production of maize in Indonesia. The objectives of the study were (i) to select maize hybrids which are stable or adaptable in the western region of Indonesia and (ii) to determine the discriminant location for evaluating superior hybrids in the western region. Therefore, twelve maize hybrids were planted in different locations and seasons in the western region. Hybrids were selected based on GGE biplot analysis. The results showed that G9 and G10 were stable maize hybrids. G6 was the selected hybrid for the first megaenvironment; whereas, G3 was selected as the hybrid for the second megaenvironment. The L8 and L17 were the discriminant environment for evaluating hybrids in the western region of Indonesia. The high-yielding hybrids selected in this study should be broadly evaluated on-farm in order to disseminate for small holder farmers in Sumatera and Java islands.
Highlights
Maize is an important crop in Indonesia since this crop supplies human energy consumption and livestock feed as well
Maize farming in Indonesia is widely located in various geographic islands such Java and Sumatera islands for western region, Kalimantan and Nusa Tenggara islands for middle region and Sulawesi, Moluccas, and Papua islands for eastern region
Is is due to environment (E), hybrid (G), and hybrid× environment (GE), with each contributing 48.72%, 15.98%, and 35.30%, respectively. e effect of environmental factors indicated that the test environment conditions have a very significant difference
Summary
Maize is an important crop in Indonesia since this crop supplies human energy consumption and livestock feed as well. Some researchers mentioned the importance of METs including (i) to estimate the significant of GEI, (ii) to identify the highest yielding cultivars by selecting specific adapted genotype in particular environment, (iii) to identify consistent-performing and high-yielding genotypes by selecting wide adapted genotype in broad environment, and (iv) to detect the best sites indicating the target environment [2,3,4]. Yan et al [5] developed the genotype main effect (G) plus the genotype × environment interaction (GE) to evaluate superior cultivar in graphical analysis for METs. Genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) has been widely used to study stability and adaptability in various plant commodities since this method provides three important aspects such as megaenvironment analysis, genotype evaluation, and test site for target environment [6]. GGE biplot had been used to evaluate various crops such as durum [8], lentil [9], maize [10], maize as a silage [11], sorghum [12], sweet corn [13], and sweet potato [14]. e objectives of the research are (i) to select superior maize hybrids with the best stability and adaptability in the western region of Indonesia and (ii) to determine the discriminant location for evaluating superior hybrids in the western region of Indonesia
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