GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DE LA NUTRICIÓN ARTIFICIAL DOMICILIARIA: HUMANIZACIÓN E INNOVACIÓN AL SERVICIO DEL PACIENTE

Abstract

Disease-related malnutrition is a common pathology in the developed world. It affects 30 million people in Europe and it has an associated cost of one hundred and seventy billion euros per year. In Spain, around 1.7 million adults, 4.4% of total population, are negatively affected. Malnutrition affects one out of four patients on hospital admissions. It is estimated that hospitalized patients who are malnourished throughout their stay range from 23.7% to 37%; sharpening these figures for multi-patients over 70 years old, and almost 10% are disensuaded during their hospital stay. All this implies an increase in hospital stays and associated costs; in particular, the direct costs of hospital malnutrition were estimated at 1.143 million annually in 2009, representing 1.8% of health expenses within the national health system. Advances in technology and infrastructure have facilitated the transfer of complex hospital-to-home services. Nowadays, the international trend points to the increasing development of the domicile as a care center. A meta-analysis of 61 randomized and controlled trials, published in 2012, showed that patients treated at home had a six-month mortality rate between 19% and 38% lower than those who were hospitalized. Home artificial nutrition (HAN) is the nutrients home-administration, among other therapeutic agents, administered through the digestive tract -home enteral nutrition (HEN)- or intravenously -home parenteral nutrition (NPD-), with the objective of improving or maintaining, at home, the patient’s nutritional status. That reports into a benefit for the patient as being able to continue the family, social and work commitments. The environment, in which 21st century health professionals work, is changing significantly. There are multiple innovations in process management, given by the growing potential offered by new technologies in remote care. It supports the patient’s home stay, either in the community or in a more familiar environment, that is, in a more humanized environment. Finally, HAN is shown to be an effective-cost alternative in relation to classical hospital care, resulting in the adoption of the efficiency criterion as an element of prioritization in healthcare.