Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcome in diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines concerning gestational weight gain (GWG). Design and patients: This was a retrospective cohort study, limited to women with singleton pregnancies and diet-treated GDM. Women with preexisting diabetes or women with pharmaceutical treatment were excluded. We compared patients with adequate GWG with patients with excess GWG according to the 2009 IOM guidelines. Results: Overall, 142 women were evaluated, of which 99 (69.7%) had adequate GWG and 43 (30.3%) had excess GWG. All demonstrated good glycemic control. Patients in the excess GWG group had higher mean pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index (BMI). No other obstetrical or perinatal statistically significant differences were demonstrated, although there was a trend for higher birth weight percentile and higher rate of respiratory distress among the excess GWG group. Conclusions: Higher pre-pregnancy BMI is a risk factor for failing to comply with the 2009 IOM GWG guidelines. However, it seems that in pregnancies complicated by diet-treated GDM, GWG is not a reliable marker for adverse pregnancy outcome if glycemic control is adequate.
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