Gestational stage-specific association of hemoglobin concentration with the risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age

Abstract

Aim: Accumulating evidence suggests that maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy negatively influences perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB) and small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to determine gestational stage-specific reference ranges of hemoglobin in a recent Japanese population and clarify the impact of maternal peripheral hemoglobin concentration on pregnancy outcomes according to gestational stage.