Gestational Hypertension as Risk Factor of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Mariko Watanabe,Ichio Fukasawa,Hiroshi Satonaka,Takanori Yasu,Toshihiko Ishimitsu,Toshimi Sairenchi,Koji Uchiyama,Yasuo Haruyama,Gen Kobashi,Keiko Nishida

doi:10.3390/ijerph17114052

Abstract

The association of gestational hypertension (GH) with future hypertension in Japanese women is unclear. Hence, this study aimed to examine the association between GH and the risk of future hypertension in middle-aged-to-older Japanese women. A case-control study was performed, including 62 hypertensive women (case) and 75 nonhypertensive women (control). GH during the first pregnancy was diagnosed on the basis of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook record. Hypertensive women were recruited from outpatients in the hospital and residents who completed an annual health check-up in a community. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medications. The average age (SD) of the cases and controls at the time of recruitment was 63.1 (8.4) and 57.7 (9.4), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of GH for hypertension in middle-aged-to-older women was 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.0–17.5) after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as age and body-mass index (BMI) upon recruitment, prepregnancy BMI, and age at first delivery. In conclusion, GH can be an independent risk factor for future hypertension among Japanese women.

Highlights

Hypertension is globally a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
The case group was composed of women recruited from three settings: (1) outpatients to the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital; (2) outpatients to the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Nephrology, Dokkyo Medical University Nikko Medical Center; and (3) residents who completed an annual health check-up in the town of Mibu, Tochigi prefecture
The body-mass index (BMI) at recruitment was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (24.1 (5.2) vs. 21.6 (2.9), p < 0.001)

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is globally a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension in middle-aged women is becoming increasingly important because of the longer life expectancy in women.While men were the focus of studies in the past decades, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases for women are being investigated [1]. Hypertension is globally a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension in middle-aged women is becoming increasingly important because of the longer life expectancy in women. While men were the focus of studies in the past decades, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases for women are being investigated [1]. Treatments in the early stages of hypertension, prevention of. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4052; doi:10.3390/ijerph17114052 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

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