Gestational exposure to methylmercury and selenium: Effects on a spatial discrimination reversal in adulthood

Abstract

Selenium, a nutrient, and methylmercury, a developmental neurotoxicant, are both found in fish. There are reports that selenium sometimes ameliorates methylmercury's neurotoxicity, but little is known about the durability of this protection after low-level gestational exposure. Developmental methylmercury exposure disrupts behavioral plasticity, and these effects extend well into adulthood and aging. The present experiment was designed to examine interactions between developmental low-level methylmercury and nutritionally relevant dietary selenium on discrimination reversals in adulthood. Female rats were exposed, in utero, to 0, 0.5, or 5 ppm mercury as methylmercury via drinking water, approximating mercury exposures of 0, 40, and 400 μg/kg/day. They also received both prenatal and postnatal exposure to a diet containing selenium from casein only (0.06 ppm) or 0.6 ppm selenium, creating a 2 (chronic Se) × 3 (gestational MeHg) full factorial design, with six to eight rats per cell. Behavior was evaluated with a spatial discrimination procedure using two levers and sucrose reinforcers. All groups acquired the original discrimination similarly. Rats exposed to low selenium (0.06 ppm), regardless of MeHg exposure, required more sessions to complete the first reversal and made more omissions during this reversal than high selenium (0.6 ppm) animals, but the two diet groups did not differ on subsequent reversals. Rats exposed to MeHg, regardless of selenium exposure, made more errors than controls on the first and third reversals, which was away from the original discrimination. MeHg-exposed animals also had shorter choice latencies than controls during the first session of a reversal. Low selenium increased the number of omissions during a reversal, whereas high MeHg exposure produced perseverative responding (errors) on the lever that was reinforced during the original discrimination. However, there was no interaction between selenium and MeHg exposure.