Abstract
Background: The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes.Methods: UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique.Result: The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors' colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.
Highlights
umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used as an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation
Insufficient number of HSCs in one unit UCB causes the slowdown in haematopoietic recovery, especially in adult and child patients compared to infant or small children patients [3]
This study aims to investigate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might influence the quality and in vitro differentiation of UCB-HSC and its correlation with EPO and insulin levels
Summary
UCB has been used as an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation. Over 30,000 UCB transplants have been performed worldwide for the treatment of various diseases. Insufficient number of HSCs in one unit UCB causes the slowdown in haematopoietic recovery, especially in adult and child patients compared to infant or small children patients [3]. The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes
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