Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Assessing the Reliability of Risk Factor-Based Screening in a Rural Nigerian Hospital

Ayokunle Olumodeji,Olabisi Timothy Adeyemo,Olumide Mojisola Ayankunle,Sunday Babatunde Awoyinka,Adebayo Augustine Adeniyi,Raymond Akujuobi Okere,Segun Murtala Ghazali,Ufuoma Oluwaseyi Olumodeji,Olumide Emmanuel Adewara,Gbadebo Oladimeji Ajani,Adewummi Bakare,Idowu Oluwaseyi Adebara

doi:10.15342/ijms.2021.449

Ayokunle Olumodeji, Olabisi Timothy Adeyemo + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.15342/ijms.2021.449

Copy DOI

Abstract

Implementation of the 2013WHO diagnostic criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), with lower threshold values required for the diagnosis of GDM, may be associated with further rise in the number of missed cases, especially among “low risk women”. This prospective study determined the proportions of women with GDM who were low risk. A hundred and seventeen pregnant women of gestational age 24-32weeks were screened with 50-g glucose challenge Test (GCT) and their GDM risk factor status noted. GCT positive women had 75-gOGTT, using 2013WHO GDM diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of GDM was 7.7% and about 55% of women with GDM had “low risk” status. There was no significant difference in the plasma glucose values of low risk and high risk women. With more than 50% of women with GDM being low risk, risk factor-based screening approach may be very unreliable in screening for GDM.

Highlights

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to escalate affecting about 350million individuals worldwide[1]
This study identified risk factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), determined the proportion of women with GDM that are low risk and compared the glucose pattern of pregnant women at high risk of GDM with that of pregnant women at low risk of GDM in a rural antenatal population universally screened for GDM using the 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria
This study found that among low risk women, the prevalence of GDM was 6.4% and 10.3% among high risk women

Summary

Introduction

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to escalate affecting about 350million individuals worldwide[1]. A major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality, complicates about 3%-14% of all pregnancies[3]. About 85% of diabetes among pregnant women is due to gestational diabetes mellitus[1]. Hyperglycemia-related short and long term dysfunctions are confined to women with Type[1] or Type[2] diabetes mellitus (T1DM or T2DM respectively) before gestation, but are observed in women with GDM2. Mothers with GDM are at risk of having gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and caesarean delivery[4]. Babies born from GDM women are at risk of being

Methods

Results

Conclusion