Abstract
IntroductionThis study was aimed at evaluating effect of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal characteristics on pregnancy outcome. GDM has several risk factors including; advanced maternal age, ethnic background, obesity and family history of diabetes mellitus. These pregnancy complications are associated with fetal morbidity and mortality and may lead to macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. Others are stillbirth, miscarriages, preterm and small for gestational age babies.MethodsThis was a retrospective case-case control study which compared maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome among pregnant women with and without GDM. Diagnosis of GDM was done in accordance with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Weight and height were determined and Body mass index (BMI) calculated. Pregnancy outcome was determined at the end of pregnancy and information on maternal characteristics obtained using questionnaire and patient folders.ResultsThose who developed GDM were significantly older (OR= 1.772; 95% CI =1.432-2.192; P<0.0001) and had higher BMI (OR=1.637; 95% CI=1.004-1.289; P=0.044) than those who did not. A significant number of those who developed GDM also had stillbirths OR= 5.188; 95% CI=1.093-24.613; p=0.038) and cesarean deliveries (OR=14.362; 95% CI=3.661-56.335; p= 0.001).ConclusionWomen who develop GDM are more likely to deliver stillborn or macrosmic babies and may require surgical intervention in order to have normal deliveries.
Highlights
This study was aimed at evaluating effect of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal characteristics on pregnancy outcome
In this study, advanced maternal age (OR=1.772; 95% CI=1.4322.192; p
When the pregnancy outcomes (Stillbirth, live birth, spontaneous abortion and induced labour) were stratified by GDM (Table 2), there were no significant differences in deliveries through cesarean operation (p=1.000) and deliveries with the help of misopristol (Cytotec) (p=0.507) between the GDMs and the non-GDMs
Summary
This study was aimed at evaluating effect of Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal characteristics on pregnancy outcome. GDM has several risk factors including; advanced maternal age, ethnic background, obesity and family history of diabetes mellitus. These pregnancy complications are associated with fetal morbidity and mortality and may lead to macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. GDM is the occurrence of hyperglycemia in pregnant women who have never had diabetes This condition is becoming more common as a result of the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity [1]. Women with GDM may develop T2DM later on; reducing weight, eating balanced diet and getting adequate exercise will minimize their risk of getting diabetes mellitus (DM). In Nigeria, the incidence of diabetes mellitus among pregnant women was 1.7% with pre-gestational diabetes accounting for 39% while GDM was responsible for 61% of cases [10] and in Ghana a prevalence of 10% was reported at the KorleBu Teaching Hospital [11]
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