Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and fetal perinatal parameters, as well to evaluate the influence of GDM on neonatal early motoric development. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated 203 eligible participants that were admitted to obstetrics department for a labor. GDM was assessed by evaluation of maternal parameters, fetal parameters, as well its impact on infants early motoric development (Alberta Infant Motor Scale—AIMS). Results: Presence of GDM was significantly positively associated with: pre-pregnancy weight, obesity degree, weight at delivery, gestational weight gain (GWG), body mass index (BMI) at delivery, GWG and increased pre-pregnancy BMI, glucose levels in mother’s venous blood after the delivery, positive family history for cardiovascular disease, pregnancy-related hypertension, congenital thrombophilia, drug use in pregnancy, large for gestational age (LGA), mode of delivery (Cesarean section and instrumental delivery). Likewise, GDM association was detected for tested ultrasound parameters (biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femoral length (FL)), length at birth, birth weight, newborn’s head circumference, newborn’s chest circumference, AIMS supination and pronation at three months, AIMS supination, pronation, sitting and standing at six months. Only Amniotic Fluid Index and AIMS supination at three months of infant’s age remained significantly associated in multivariate regression model. Conclusions: The presence of significant positive association of numerous tested parameters in our study on perinatal outcomes and early motoric development, points to the necessity of establishing appropriate clinical decision-making strategies for all pregnant woman at risk and emphasize the importance of providing adequate glycaemia control options and further regular follow ups during the pregnancy.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered to be among most frequent metabolic disorders in pregnancy and it can lead to complications related to the health of the mother and offspring [1]
Our findings demonstrated that positive family history for DM, obesity degree, Pregnancy related hypertension (PRH), and Congenital thrombophilia (CT) are among anamnestic data and maternal pregnancy-related complications with the strongest positive association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Our study showed that all fetal biometric growth parameters were significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes than in women with normal blood glucose status, and these results are supported with the findings of other studies as well [36]
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is considered to be among most frequent metabolic disorders in pregnancy and it can lead to complications related to the health of the mother and offspring [1]. GDM is multifactorial disease with the complex influence of both gene and environmental factors Some of these factors include overweight/obesity, advanced age of pregnant women, a positive family history of insulin resistance and/or diabetes and new “modern” lifestyle [2,3]. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and fetal perinatal parameters, as well to evaluate the influence of GDM on neonatal early motoric development. Conclusions: The presence of significant positive association of numerous tested parameters in our study on perinatal outcomes and early motoric development, points to the necessity of establishing appropriate clinical decision-making strategies for all pregnant woman at risk and emphasize the importance of providing adequate glycaemia control options and further regular follow ups during the pregnancy
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