Gestation complications in women with metabolic syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention (literature review)

Abstract

The article summarizes modern scientific views on the main links of pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria and methods for the prevention of gestational complications in women with metabolic syndrome. The aims of study is to analyze modern domestic and foreign studies on the study of pathogenetic mechanisms of influence of metabolic components syndrome for the development of gestational complications, methods of their diagnosis and prevention in women with metabolic syndrome. Results. It has been proven that the components of metabolic syndrome are associated with the development of pregnancy complications, such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth retardation and macrosomia, gestational diabetes, preterm labour, fetal death, habitual early termination of pregnancy. On the basis of joint pathogenesis, the above-mentioned complications belong to the group of «the great obstetrical syndromes». It has been shown that pregnant women with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for the occurrence of «the great obstetrical syndromes» and require timely appointment of preventive measures to reduce them. Almost all scientific studies have demonstrated the importance of regulating metabolic processes in the body of a woman with metabolic syndrome at the stage of preconcepence period. It is reported that a lifestyle modification that aims to reduce body weight by prescribing a balanced low-calorie diet combined with exercise and the use of behavioral therapy leads to improved pregnancy outcomes for both mother and baby. The conclusion. The problem of metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age remains relevant in modern medicine and taking into account its social significance, requires further research in the aspect of studying pathogenesis, early diagnosis and prevention of his pathology, since it can significantly improve the condition of the pregnant woman in the future and have a positive effect on the course of pregnancy and childbirth. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, pregnancy, gestational complications, diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention.