Abstract
In a previous report we had reported on the discovery of a novel bispecific immunoglobulin expressed by colonic epithelial cells as they transform into immunomimetic cells during exfoliation (Albaugh et al. (2020) Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 126-150). Colonic cells isolated from 0.5 gm aliquots of fresh stools (SCSR-10, Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD) preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% were used to determine the number of cells expressing this novel bispecific immunoglobulin. Over the course of this period (18 years) we recognized that these cells opened the opportunity to investigate the expression of cell membrane biomarkers. As the applications grew, we introduced a new terminology, termed COPROCYTOBIOLOGY*. In this study, we surveyed a cohort of 58 free-living adults for the expression of the newly discovered bi-specific chimeric antibody. Almost all of the subjects showed a strong signal during flow-cytometric evaluation of their stool samples; averaging around 65%. However, two subjects exhibited a total loss of this signal and both these individuals were of African-American lineage (one male and one female). These cells upon culturing in vitro remained defective in contrast to the rest of the group where their progeny continued to generate the antibody. We propose that this signals the existence of a germ-line deletion of the gene for which a novel test (MEDISHIELD†) is suggested. This syndrome may be associated with a lack of response to prophylactic vaccines involving m-RNA.
Highlights
The gastrointestinal tract is unique among all other organs in the human body
In a previous report we had reported on the discovery of a novel bispecific immunoglobulin expressed by colonic epithelial cells as they transform into immunomimetic cells during exfoliation (Albaugh et al (2020) Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10, 126-150)
Colonic cells isolated from 0.5 gm aliquots of fresh stools (SCSR-10, Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD) preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% were used to determine the number of cells expressing this novel bispecific immunoglobulin
Summary
The gastrointestinal tract is unique among all other organs in the human body. It is systematically exposed to components in the diet, visited by various microorganisms present in the environment, bathed by secretions from the stomach, liver and pancreas in addition to its own cell-adhesion molecules in the form of mucins along with hormones and immunoglobulins (generated by cells in the lamina propria). In 1991, Nair and associates first reported that cells exfoliated from the GI tract do not undergo massive apoptosis (on an average between 9% - 10% undergo apoptosis) and are recoverable in a pristine state from stool samples. This landmark observation opened the avenues for exploring the nature of exfoliated cells, resulting in a number of fundamental discoveries associated with this physiological process. Over a period of nearly a decade and a half this group reported on a number of issues relating to the characterization of exfoliation and the nature of the cells that were isolated from stool samples [2]
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