Germination and Vigor of Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars Subjected to Saline Stress Conditions

Lucas Vinícius De Souza Cangussu,Andréia Márcia Santos De Souza David,Eliene Almeida Paraizo,Jorge Luiz Rodrigues Barbosa,Kennia Karolline Gonçalves Pereira,Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre,Rayane Aguiar Alves,Ruthelly Viereca Sena Rocha,Josiane Cantuária Figueiredo,Fernando Henrique Batista Machado,Edileuza Dos Reis Souza Conceição,Cleisson Dener Da Silva

doi:10.5539/jas.v12n9p159

Lucas Vinícius De Souza Cangussu, Andréia Márcia Santos De Souza David + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n9p159

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Abstract

Natural factors such as salinity act directly on seed germination and vigor and, consequently, affect the establishment and development of seedlings in the field. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of saline stress on the germination and vigor of seeds from black bean cultivars. The study was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the State University of Montes Claros, Jana&uacute;ba-Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 &times; 5 factorial arrangement (two cultivars &times; five osmotic potentials), with four repeats of 50 seeds per treatment. Bean seeds from cultivars Campeiro and Esteio were used, with sowing carried out on germitest paper rolls moistened at five osmotic potentials via sodium chloride solutions (NaCl): 0.0 [distilled water]; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 and -1.2 MPa. Seed rolls were kept in a digital germinator, and the germination and vigor percentages of the seeds were determined by first germination count, germination speed index (GSI), and fresh and dry mass of seedlings. The germination and vigor of seeds from common-bean cultivars, black commercial type, are negatively affected under saline stress caused by NaCl solution with osmotic potential lower than -0.6 MPa. The seeds of the studied cultivars showed a different behavior regarding saline stress conditions, and cultivar Campeiro proved to be more tolerant to saline stress in relation to Esteio during the germination process and seedling formation.

Highlights

Germination tests run in laboratory aim to qualify and quantify the number of living seeds capable of producing normal plants under favorable field conditions (Figliolia et al, 1993)
Verifying the germination capacity and vigor of a seed batch is fundamental for crop establishment, since both processes can be influenced by natural factors, as it is the case of salinity, which, in excess, can impair plant development
The results of the analysis of variance revealed that only variables ‘germination’ and ‘germination speed index’ (GSI) were influenced by the interaction between factors ‘cultivars’ × ‘osmotic potentials’

Summary

Introduction

Germination tests run in laboratory aim to qualify and quantify the number of living seeds capable of producing normal plants under favorable field conditions (Figliolia et al, 1993). According to the same author, a simple study relating vigor tests to seedling establishment in the field is usually adopted to ratify the behavior of the potential quantified in laboratory. Verifying the germination capacity and vigor of a seed batch is fundamental for crop establishment, since both processes can be influenced by natural factors, as it is the case of salinity, which, in excess, can impair plant development. This abiotic factor present in arid and semi-arid regions is a limiting factor for agricultural production (Santos et al, 2009). The negative effect of excessive salinity is due to both osmotic effect and toxic effect (Monterle et al, 2006), which cause reductions in emergence speed, uniformity, initial size and stand establishment, factors that can have an influence on dry matter accumulation and, affect crop productivity (Scheeren et al, 2010)

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