Abstract
Using the plane-wave expansion method, we study the polarization-dependent photonic band diagrams (transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations), surface plots, gap maps etc. of the two-dimensional photonic crystals with square lattice of germanium rods in air and vice versa. The obtained graphs for the two possible combinations are presented in this paper. All the results depict clear photonic band gaps. We describe the conditions for the largest TE and TM band gaps too. The square lattice of Ge rods in air offers a large TE photonic band gap of 48.02% (for rod radius of r = 0.2μm). Then we localize the TE mode by introducing a point defect and a line defect in the crystal. The point defect act as a resonator and the line defect act as a waveguide. The finite-difference time-domain analysis of the localized defect modes is presented also.
Highlights
Intensive researches have been carried out on photonic crystals (PCs) [1,2,3,4,5] as they hold great promise for optoelectronic devices owing the ability to control electromagnetic wave propagation within a fairly large frequency range
Yablonovitch gave the concept of PC first [4] as a medium that inhibit spontaneous emission of electromagnetic radiation
Analogous to the solid crystal’s electronic band gap, PC prohibits the propagation of electromagnetic radiation of certain frequency range through it [3, 6, 7]
Summary
Intensive researches have been carried out on photonic crystals (PCs) [1,2,3,4,5] as they hold great promise for optoelectronic devices owing the ability to control electromagnetic wave propagation within a fairly large frequency range. They are novel class of optical media with periodic variation of the refractive index in one, two or three dimensions. The defect modes are calculated using the RSoft software package “FullWAVE”, which is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method
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