German sports, doping, and politics: a history of performance enhancement

Abstract

Introduction - Basics and Problem Definition The Role of Doping in the Relationship between Politics, Sporting Policies, and Sports Methodological Basics: Sources and Documents State of the Art Scientific Debate on Doping and Public Moralization Problems of Empirical Evaluation and Proving Doping I. From Common Practice to Prohibition - the Beginnings of Doping and Anti-Doping in German Sport of the 1950s and 1960s Introduction Sport in the Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World War Structures and Self-Perceptions of the German Federal Sports Organizations Sports Policy Physical Health as a Common Objective - a Legitimation for State Sponsoring Competitive Sports and National Representation: The Delayed Start - Germany in the Context of International Sports Development The Medicalization of Society and Sport and other Doping and Anti-Doping Issues Spread and Development of Anti-Doping in the 1950s and 1960s Self-Concept and Functions of German Sports Medicine Anti-Doping Policies in the 1950s and 1960s Doping Rules of Some Sports Federations The Role of State and Government in Anti-Doping Policies Doping During the 1950s and 1960s - Intermediate Results II. Cold War and the Climax of Doping in Germany - From the Munich Olympics of 1972 via Montreal 1976 to the Introduction of Out-of-Competition Controls in the 1980s Introduction The 1972 Olympic Games of Munich and Their Importance for the Development of Doping and Anti-Doping in Germany Anti-doping Politics of the IOC in the 1970s Sport Politics, Doping and Anti-Doping in West Germany Interim Results Doping and Anti-Doping up to the Olympic Games of Montreal in 1976 Problems in Preventing Anabolic Steroids in Sport Anabolic Steroids, their Prevalence in Top Level Sport and Doping Controls The Doping Games of Montreal 1976: Kolbe Injection and Air Clyster Scandal - and their Political Consequences Political Contextualization of Doping and Anti-Doping in the 1970s and 1980s German Secret Services on Doping Doping and West German Sports Medicine Adaptation by West German Sport Organizations Consequences of State and Sport Policies - the Grundsatzerklarung fur den Spitzensport of 1977 Doping Enhancement in West German Sport Doping and Anti-Doping Policies between 1977 and 1989 The Case of Birgit Dressel Preventive Controls Anti-Doping: Some Facts and Problems A Doubtful Research Project: The Study of Rejuvenation/ Regeneration by Means of Testosterone Introduction of Out-of-Competition Controls Interim Results - Changes to Doping and Anti-Doping Policies during the 1970s and 1980s III. Doping and Anti-Doping in the Process of German Reunification State and Sport, Doping and Anti-Doping in West Germany before 1990 Revelations of Doping by the German Media after Unification Responses from Sport and Politics The Parliament Veto: Budget Cut in 1991/92 European and International Perspectives The Case of Dieter Baumann - a Blow in the Fight against Doping Interim Results: Reunification, Rehabilitation and New Beginnings International Strategies of Anti-Doping - Germany on the Path to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) The Establishment of an International Political Anti-Doping Regime From Lausanne to the WADA WADA as the New Center of the International Fight against Doping Effects of the International Anti-Doping Movement on German Anti-Doping Policies: From the Anti-Doping Commission of the German Sport Federation (DSB) to the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) German Anti-Doping Crisis of 2007 The Debate on an Anti-Doping Law Interim Results: Doping in the Context of Sport, State and Society Conclusion The German Story of Doping - a Relevant Element of the Overall Sports Process Explanations for the Doping and Anti-Doping Process Relevance of the Cold War Changes of the Relationship between State and Sport Bibliography Chronology List of abbreviations Index About the Authors