German democracy: from post-World War II to the present day

Abstract

1.1949 and 1989 - New Democratic Beginnings and ContinuityPost-war Germany and the Foundation of two German StatesThe Federal Republic and the GDR as Political and Societal AntipodesThe Second Foundation of the Federal Republic2.Constitutionalism and Constitutional Politics in GermanyThe Basic Law of 1949Constitutional Basics of the Federal Republic's Political OrderBasic Rights and the System of Values (Werteordnung) of the Basic LawThe 'Free Democratic Basic Order'Guiding Principles of the System of GovernmentDemocracy and the Basic Law3.The Constitution of the United GermanyThe Quest for Reunification in the Basic LawConstitutional Reform or Continuation of the Basic Law?Constitutional Provisions of the Unification TreatyConstitutional Amendments after Unification4.West and East: Germany in EuropeThe Question of SovereigntyThe Politics of IntegrationDeutschlandpolitik and OstpolitikThe Aims of DeutschlandpolitikThe Path to German UnityThe New Germany and the European Order5.The System of GovernmentThe Federal StructureThe Constitutional BodiesThe Central Role of ParliamentThe Executive and Public AdministrationThe Constitutional and Political Role of the German ChancellorChecks and Balances: The Federal Constitutional CourtExternal Actors: Organised Interest GroupsExternal Actors: The Media6.Elections, Coalitions, and Coalition GovernmentsThe Electoral SystemFederal Elections 1949 - 2002Coalitions and Coalition GovernmentsChancellor Democracy and Party Government - from Adenauer to Schrder7.The German Party SystemThe Constitutional Role of Parties in the Basic LawThe Party System of the 'Old' Federal RepublicA Brief Portrait of the Major German Parties The Christian DemocratsThe Social DemocratsThe LiberalsThe GreensThe Establishment of a New Democratic Party System in East Germany (1989-1990)The German Party System After Unification8.The Power Structure of the GDRDictatorship of the Proletariat or Socialist Democracy?The Creation of a Socialist System in East GermanyOvercoming StalinismTechnocratic Reforms in the 1960sThe Honecker EraThe Collapse of the Old RegimeThe End of the State Party SEDStructural Defects of the Communist System9.The German Revolution of 1989 and German UnificationHave the Events of 1989 been a Revolution?Collapse and a New Beginning - the Citizens' Movements and Democratic TransitionDual Rule: The Old Regime and the New Political ForcesThe First Democratic Elections in East GermanyThe Controversy About a New Constitution for the GDRThe Treaties of German UnificationHow to Unite Two Different Social and Political Systems?10.Political Culture United?Political Culture in West-GermanyThe Socialist Political Culture of the GDRThe Political Culture of RevoltPolitical Culture in United GermanyDocumentsThe Basic Law of the Federal Republic (Excerpts)Treaty of 31 August 1990 between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic on the Establishment of German Unity - Unification Treaty (Excerpts)Treaty of 12 September 1990 on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany (2 plus 4 Treaty)