Abstract
Purpose: The effect of geraniin on human bladder transitional carcinoma was not clear, this study was thus intended to reveal it and reveal the mechanism.
 Methods: T24 cells were treated with 5, 10, and 20 μM of geraniin and the viability and apoptosis of T24 cells were determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Cyclin D1, p21, BAL-2, BAX, cleaved caspase-3 and PI3K/AKT pathway were evaluated using western blot.
 Results: Geraniin decreased T24 cell viability and induced T24 cell cycle arrest. The proportion of T24 cells in S phase was decreased by geraniin. Besides, geraniin promoted T24 cell apoptosis and regulated PI3K/AKT pathway.
 Conclusion: Geraniin appears to regulate bladder cancer cell growth by decreasing the levels of PI3K and AKT phosphorylation. Thus, this agent may be useful in the management of bladder cancer
 Keywords: Geraniin, T24 cells, Apoptosis, PI3K/AKT signaling
Highlights
Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that affects urinary system, which is second only to prostate cancer with a higher incidence in urogenital tumor system [1]
It has been shown that scutellarin inhibits the dissociation and degradation of SKP2 by SKP1, which causes lung cancer cell line A549 to arrest in the G2/M phase [3]
Compared with the control group, there was a significant decrease when treated with geraniin (p < 0.05)
Summary
Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor that affects urinary system, which is second only to prostate cancer with a higher incidence in urogenital tumor system [1]. Though common chemotherapy regimens are reported, the effective proportion ranges only from 40 to 65 % [2], the development of new therapeutic drugs is necessary for increasing survival rate Derived drugs, such as paclitaxel and camptothecin, are important for the treatment of malignant tumors due to their strong specific and pharmaceutical effects in cancer treatment. Geraniin inhibits cell growth by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB pathway and decreasing MCL-1 expression. Geraniin reverses the resistance of human colon cancer cell line (HCT-8) to fluorouracil, cisplatin, and vincristine. T24 cells that treated by geraniin were collected using centrifugation, washed by PBS, and suspended in binding buffer. The T24 cells were treated with 5, 10, or 20 μM geraniin for 24 h, followed by lysed and centrifuged.
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