Abstract
<em>Act No. 21/2014 on Geothermal Energy is considered a solution to the slow development of geothermal energy utilization for power plants by opening the way for exploitation in conservation forest areas. However, in practice, such exploitation is still constrained because it often clashes with the conservation interest. This study aims to review: (1) the role of Act No. 21/2014 as a legal justification to conduct geothermal power plant exploitation in Gunung Kembar and Gunung Waihlup within the core zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), and (2) the potential impact of such exploitation on the international recognition of Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (TRHS) as a world heritage. This research is normative legal research, using secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials, and employs a qualitative method to analyze the data. The results showed that Act No. 21/2014 could not justify geothermal exploitation activity within the core zone of GLNP. The study also concluded that the geothermal power plant activity is projected to have the potential to compromise TRHS recognition as a world heritage site.</em>
Highlights
Geothermal energy is one of Indonesia’s energy sources in abundance, due to its geographical location
The research was carried out in two stages: (1) studies related to the provisions governing geothermal exploitation for geothermal power plants according to the relevant statutory regulations, and (2) studies related to the management and utilization of sites recognized as world heritage
Act No 21/2014 cannot be used as a justification for geothermal exploitation in Gunung Kembar and Gunung Waihlup areas, located within the core zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP)
Summary
Geothermal energy is one of Indonesia’s energy sources in abundance, due to its geographical location. Data from the MEMR shows that Indonesia’s geothermal potential reaches 29.543 MWe The utilization of geothermal energy by the year 2019 was only around 7.2% (2130.7 MWe) (MEMR, 2019a), and its role in electricity generation contributes around 5% of the total national electricity generation in 2018 Geothermal energy is aimed to be a significant contributor to the NRE sector to achieve the national energy mix target of 23% by 2025 and 31% by
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