Abstract
Geothermal energy is a renewable source for generating heat and power with minimal emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Geothermal energy is consistently accessible among all renewable sources, irrespective of weather conditions and climatic fluctuations. Geothermal technology harnesses the energy generation capabilities of heat storage, including any fluid inside it. Utilizing this energy directly is a time-honored and prevalent method of harnessing geothermal energy. Commercial production of this resource has been ongoing for almost one hundred years, with its use in power generation and direct utilization spanning many decades. A geothermal energy reservoir is often characterized by the quantity of thermal energy stored in subsurface rocks and fluids that drilling may access. Geothermal energy is widely accessible since it is dispersed globally, making it available in most nations. Geothermal reservoirs and systems are categorized according to many criteria, such as enthalpy or reservoir temperature, characteristics, physical condition, and geological context.
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